The fauna of Bangladesh is remarkably diverse, comprising a wide range of species across multiple animal groups. The vertebrate fauna includes approximately 34 species of amphibians, 109 species of reptiles, about 650 species of birds—including around 300 resident and 176 migratory species—and over 110 species of mammals. Freshwater fish species number over 700, reflecting the country’s rich aquatic biodiversity. Among reptiles, important species include snakes, lizards, turtles, and the endangered gharial crocodile found in the Padma River. Amphibians are primarily represented by various frog species, with some historical bullfrog exports now banned.
Bangladesh’s mammalian fauna includes species such as the Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, pangolins, deer species, and various rodents and primates. Many of these species are endangered or vulnerable due to habitat loss, poaching, and environmental changes. The birdlife features iconic species like the Sarus crane, which is the tallest flying bird in the country, as well as diverse smaller species like flowerpeckers and sunbirds.
The rich biodiversity is supported by diverse ecosystems including forests, wetlands, rivers, and coastal areas such as the Sundarbans—the world’s largest mangrove forest. However, many species face extinction threats, prompting conservation efforts by governmental bodies like the Forest Department and Department of Environment. Protected areas and wildlife sanctuaries play a critical role in preserving these species and maintaining ecological balance. The fauna of Bangladesh contributes significantly to the country’s natural heritage, ecological health, and cultural identity.