Mukti Bahini (Bengali: মুক্তি বাহিনী), meaning “Liberation Army,” was the armed revolutionary force that led the struggle for independence during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. Composed primarily of Bengali military personnel, paramilitary members, students, and civilians, the Mukti Bahini played a central role in the fight against the Pakistani military and the subsequent creation of Bangladesh.
In the aftermath of escalating political and ethnic tensions, the Pakistani military launched Operation Searchlight on March 25, 1971, to suppress Bengali aspirations for autonomy. In response, the Mukti Bahini was formed, initially from defected members of the East Pakistan Rifles, Bengali units in the regular army, police, and civilians who received guerrilla training and support.
The Mukti Bahini conducted guerrilla warfare, sabotage, and direct attacks against Pakistani military targets, infrastructure, and collaborators. Its operations were coordinated with the Government of Bangladesh in exile, known as the Mujibnagar Government, and received support, training, and supplies from India.
As the resistance intensified, the Mukti Bahini swelled in numbers through mass recruitment and drew international attention to the freedom struggle. Their heroic efforts were crucial in creating a nationwide movement that united Bengalis across class and social backgrounds.
The combined operations of the Mukti Bahini and the Indian Armed Forces in December 1971 led to the defeat of Pakistani forces, culminating in the independence of Bangladesh on December 16, 1971.
The legacy of Mukti Bahini is deeply honored in Bangladesh, representing sacrifice, patriotism, and the enduring fight for freedom, justice, and national identity. Monuments, museums, and commemorations across the country pay tribute to their valor and contribution to the establishment of Bangladesh.